An object can often be uniquely identified by its shape, which is usually fairly invariant. However, when the search is for a type of object or an object category, there can be variations in object deformation (i.e. variations in body shapes) and articulation (i.e. joint movement by limbs) that complicate their detection.

Pham B. and Smith, R., ‘Metadata Augmentation for Semantic- and Context-based Retrieval of Digital Cultural Objects’, DICTA 2007 – Conference on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications, Adelaide, 3-5 December 2007.

Smith, R., Pham, B. and Choudhury, S., ‘A Digital Artworks Expression Language (DAEL)’, 11th IASTED International Conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, August 2007.